摘 要

工具锤是日常生活中最常使用的工具之一，由锤头和锤柄构成，锤柄外附着一层橡胶外套，外套由芯棒模子通过在其表面注塑冷却成型后剥离获得。目前，橡胶外套的剥离主要由人工完成，但劳动强度大、效率低下并且对工人健康危害大。为了改变这种现状，本课题针对橡胶外套剥离，设计了一套基于MCGS和PLC的单导轨芯棒拔模机监控系统。设计过程中，先使用组态软件MCGS对工艺流程进行了独立仿真，确保了该设计的可行性。然后根据该系统的监控及工艺要求，使用GX Developer编程软件对三菱Fx2N系列 PLC进行程序编写，建立与上位机之间的信号通讯。由PLC、传感器、电机、气缸、按钮、指示灯等构成硬件系统，实现了芯棒模芯上料、夹装、拔模以及下料的自动拔模过程。该系统运行稳定可靠，能达到1200根/h的生产速度，大幅提高了生产效率，降低了劳动强度和对工人健康的危害，而且该系统操作简单易学，能够为大规模的自动化生产做好充分的准备。

关键词：监控系统；MCGS；PLC；自动拔模

The design of monitoring system of single rail draft machine

ABSTRACT

Hammer is one of the most frequently used tool in daily life, composed of a hammer head and a hammer handle, the handle is attached to a layer of rubber jacket, coat by mandrel stripping is obtained on the surface of mold through injection molding cooling. At present, the peeling of rubber jacket is mainly completed by manpower, but it has great labor intensity, low efficiency and great harm to workers' health. In order to change this situation, the topic for the rubber jacket stripping, which based on single track rod machine monitoring system MCGS draft and PLC. In the design process, the independent simulation of the process flow is carried out using the configuration software MCGS, which ensures the feasibility of the design. Then, according to the monitoring and process requirements of the system, GX Developer programming software is used to program the MITSUBISHI Fx2N series PLC, and the communication between the host computer and the host computer is established. The hardware system consists of PLC, sensor, motor, cylinder, button and indicator, the feeding, clamping, draft and blanking automatic draft process mandrel mould core. The system is stable and reliable, can achieve 1200 /h production speed, greatly improve the production efficiency, reduce labor intensity and harmful to health, and the system operation is simple and easy to learn, to be ready for large-scale automated production.

Key words：monitoring system；MCGS；PLC；automatic draft process

目 录

1 绪论………………………………………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 课题研究目的及意义……………………………………………………………………………1

1.2 监控系统的国内外研究概况……………………………………………………………………1

1.3 课题研究的内容…………………………………………………………………………………2

2单导轨拔模机监控系统的系统方案分析设计…………………………………………………………4

2.1 单导轨拔模机监控系统的方案设计……………………………………………………………4

2.2 单导轨拔模机监控系统的方案选定……………………………………………………………5

2.3 单导轨拔模机监控系统的控制要求……………………………………………………………6

2.4 课题计划…………………………………………………………………………………………7

3 监控系统中可编程控制器（PLC）的概述及应用………………………………………………………9

3.1 PLC概述…………………………………………………………………………………………9

3.1.1 PLC的发展…………………………………………………………………………………9

3.1.2 PLC的结构…………………………………………………………………………………9

3.1.3 PLC的特点………………………………………………………………………………10

3.1.4 PLC的工作原理…………………………………………………………………………11

3.1.5 三菱Fx2N系列PLC……………………………………………………………………11

3.2 PLC程序设计…………………………………………………………………………………12

3.2.1 常用编程方法介绍……………………………………………………………………12

3.2.2 监控系统总体流程图…………………………………………………………………13

3.2.3 PLC的I/O地址分配及选型………………………………………………………………14

3.2.4 PLC梯形图编写…………………………………………………………………………14

3.2.5 语句表……………………………………………………………………………………14

3.3 PLC电路设计……………………………………………………………………………………15

3.3.1 PLC外部接线图…………………………………………………………………………15

3.3.2 PLC控制系统的保护措施………………………………………………………………15

4 监控系统中组态软件的概述及应用……………………………………………………………………17

4.1 组态软件概述……………………………………………………………………………………17

4.1.1 组态软件概念与特点……………………………………………………………………17

4.1.2 MCGS组态软件…………………………………………………………………………17

4.2 MCGS工程建立和变量定义……………………………………………………………………17

4.2.1 工程建立…………………………………………………………………………………17

4.2.2 变量分配…………………………………………………………………………………18

4.2.3 变量定义…………………………………………………………………………………19

4.2.4 封面窗口及监控画面的建立……………………………………………………………20

4.2.5 菜单栏建立………………………………………………………………………………21

4.3 MCGS动画连接……………………………………………………………………………………23

4.3.1 指示灯的动画连接………………………………………………………………………23

4.3.2 垂直移动动画连接………………………………………………………………………23

4.3.3 水平移动动画连接………………………………………………………………………24

4.3.4 上料动画实现……………………………………………………………………………25

4.4 设备窗口组态构建………………………………………………………………………………26

4.5 MCGS独立仿真脚本编写…………………………………………………………………………27

5 电路硬件设计部分………………………………………………………………………………………28

5.1 系统主电路设计…………………………………………………………………………………28

5.1.1 熔断器的选择……………………………………………………………………………28

5.1.2 热继电器的选择…………………………………………………………………………28

5.1.3 交流接触器的选择………………………………………………………………………29