基于单片机的步进电机控制系统的仿真及设计毕业论文

 2021-04-19 10:04

摘 要

步进电动机由于用其组成的开环系统既简单、廉价,又非常可行,因此在打印机等办公自动化设备以及各种控制装置等众多领域有着极其广泛的应用。

本文介绍的是一种基于单片机的步进电机的系统设计,用汇编语言编写出电机的正转、反转、加速、减速、停止程序,本文应用单片机、步进电机驱动芯片、字符型LCD和键盘阵列,构建了集步进电机控制器和驱动器为一体的步进电机控制系统。通过单片机、电机的驱动芯片L298以及相应的按键实现以上功能,并且步进电机的工作状态要用相应的发光二极管显示出来。

本文内容介绍了步进电机以及单片机原理、该系统的硬件电路、程序组成,同时对软、硬件进行了调试,同时介绍了调试过程中出现的问题以及解决问题的方法。该设计具有思路明确、可靠性高、稳定性强等特点,通过调试实现了上述功能。

关键词:步进电机;单片机;驱动机构;控制系统

Simulation and design of single-chip stepper motor control system based on

ABSTRACT

Stepper motor due to the use of its components of the open-loop system is simple, cheap, and very practical, so in many fields, printers and other office automation equipment and various control devices, and has a very wide range of applications.

This is a microcontroller based stepper in the system design of the motor, using assembly language to write the motor forward, reverse, acceleration, deceleration, stopping the program, the application of single chip microcomputer, step motor driving chip, LCD and keyboard array constructed set of stepper motor controller and driver for step one of the stepper motor control system. Through the microcontroller, motor drive chip L298 and the corresponding buttons to achieve the above functions, and stepper motor to with the corresponding light-emitting diode display.

This paper introduces the step motor and single-chip microcomputer principle, the system hardware circuit and program, and the debugging of the hardware and software, and introduces the debugging process of problem and problem solving methods. Has the advantages of clear, high reliability, strong stability of the design, the functions are achieved through debugging

Keywords: stepping motor; MCU; driving mechanism; control system

目 录

序言………………………………………………………………………………………..............................1

1绪论………………………........………………………………................................................................2

1.1课题研究的目的和意义...............………......................…………….……..............2

1.2 国内外研究概况………………………………………………………………………….................2

1.3论文的主要研究内容................…………………………………………………...............................3

1.4本章小结……………………………………………………………………………………………..3

2 步进电机与单片机简介……………………………………………………………………………4

2.1步进电机介绍……………………………………………………………………4

2.1.1 步进电机概述………………………………………………………………………………4

2.1.2 步进电机的工作原理…....………………………………………………………………6

2.1.3步进电机的分类与选择………….…………………………………………………8

2.2单片机原理......………………………………………………………………………………9

2.2.1单片机原理概述..……..........………………………………………………………9

2.2.2单片机的应用系统.........…………………………………………………10

2.2.3 80C31单片机简介…………………………............…………………………..……..............11

2.3本章小结……………………………………………………………………………………………13 3步进电机常见的控制方案及驱动系统简介……………………………………......................................14

3.1步进电机常见的控制方案.................................................................................................................14

3.2步进电机驱动系统介绍.....................................................................................................................15

3.2.1步进电机驱动系统简介..............................................................................................................15

3.2.2步进电机绕组的电气特性..........................................................................................................17

3.3本章小结…………………………………………………………………………………………….19

4系统整体硬件结构....................................................................................................................................20

4.1系统主要芯片简介.............................................................................................................................20

4.2系统整图……………………………………………………………………………………….........22

4.3电源部分.............................................................................................................................................22

4.4数字键盘部分.....................................................................................................................................23

4.5驱动部分.............................................................................................................................................24

4.6状态指示部分.....................................................................................................................................25

4.7时钟部分.............................................................................................................................................26

4.8本章小结……………………………………………………………………………………………26

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