摘 要

众所周知，我国的经济发展很大程度上得益于铁路货物运输的迅猛发展，但是车辆的超载，偏载和偏重却频频出现在运输过程中，严重威胁了铁路运输的安全。铁道车辆轮重测定仪（轮重仪），是一款专门用来测量车辆超载问题的仪器，用于从车辆源头控制超载偏载现象的发生。目前，国内市场所使用的轮重仪或多或少都存在着一些问题。为此本文提出了设计一个新型的智能轮重仪电测系统，该系统可以大大促进轮重仪的研究。

本文针对这个智能轮重仪电测系统进行研究及调试。这款智能轮重仪电测系统主要由电源电路、微控制器、按键输入电路、限位开关检测电路、模数转换电路、存储电路和电机驱动电路等部分组成，设计时，作为整个电测系统中最重要的微控制器模块，该模块控制着整个电测系统的运行，其中压力检测模块中的压力传感器可将车辆的轮重所测得的压力信号传输到模数转换器中转换成电信号再由微控制器调整后传输至显示模块中显示出来。经测试，设计方案合理，达到了论文设计的要求。

关键词：电测系统，铁道车辆，安全货运。

The design of wheel heavy instrument system

Abstract

As is known to all, China's economic development is largely thanks to the rapid development of railway transport of goods, but the overload vehicles, partial load and heavy but frequently appear in the process of transportation, a serious threat to the safety of railway transport. The wheel weight meter (wheel weight meter) of railway vehicle is an instrument specially used to measure the problem of vehicle overload. At present, there are some problems with the rotors used in the domestic market. For this reason, a new intelligent measuring system of wheel weight instrument is proposed in this paper.

This paper studies and debugs the electric measurement system of this intelligent wheel weight instrument. This smart round of heavy gauge measurement system is mainly composed of power supply circuit, microcontroller, key input circuit, limit switch detection circuit, analog-to-digital conversion circuit, storage circuit and motor drive circuit and other parts, the design, as the most important thing in the whole electrical measuring system microcontroller module, the module controls the running of the whole electric measuring system, including pressure detection module of pressure sensors of vehicle wheel load can be measured pressure signal transmission to the AD converter converted into electrical signal transmission by micro controller is adjusted again to display module display. After testing, the design scheme is reasonable and meets the requirements of the paper design.

Key words:Wheel weight circuit board; railway vehicle;safe freight

目 录

1 绪论...................................................................1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义.................................................1

1.2 国内外研究现状.....................................................1

1.3 研究的主要内容.....................................................2

1.4 本章小结...........................................................3

2 轮重仪电测系统设计总方案...............................................4

2.1 轮重仪电测系统的方案设计...........................................4

2.2 设计的总体要求.....................................................4

2.3 系统设计的主要内容.................................................5

2.3.1 电源模块设计.................................................5

2.3.2 微控制器模块设计.............................................5

2.3.3 压力检测模块设计.............................................5

2.3.4 电源电压检测模块设计.........................................5

2.3.5 温度检测模块设计.............................................5

2.3.6 显示模块设计.................................................5

2.3.7 按键操作模块设计.............................................6

2.3.8 举升行程保护模块设计.........................................6

2.4 核心器件的选型.....................................................6

2.5 技术新能指标.......................................................8

2.6 本章小结...........................................................8

3 硬件部分设计...........................................................9

3.1 各个模块设计的原理图...............................................9

3.1.1 电源模块设计.................................................9

3.1.2 微控制器模块设计.............................................9

3.1.3 压力检测模块设计.............................................10

3.1.4 温度检测模块设计.............................................11

3.1.5 电源电压检测模块设计.........................................11

3.1.6 存储模块设计.................................................12

3.1.7 显示模块设计.................................................13

3.1.8 电机控制模块设计.............................................13

3.1.9 操作按键模块设计.............................................14

3.1.10 限位模块设计................................................14

3.2 本章小结...........................................................15

4 软件设计...............................................................16

4.1 总体设计...........................................................16