热水器恒温出水系统设计毕业论文

 2021-04-15 12:04

摘 要

本文设计的控制系统采用STC89C52单片机作为控制核心,并且将PID算法和PWM脉宽调制技术相结合,通过控制电机的转动速度控制冷水和热水进水比例实现热水器恒温控制。该系统能根据设定的温度实现温度的自动采集和控制,解决了普通热水器出水温度不稳定的问题。首先介绍了系统的总体组成,然后分硬件和软件两部分进行阐述。硬件部分主要描述了系统的组成模块,并且简单介绍了每个模块用到的器件以及每个模块的电路图。软件部分先阐述了各部分子程序的流程,然后重点介绍了的PID控制算法,并且给出程序流程说明PID在该系统中的实现,最后对本系统进行总结。

本次设计通过模块化设计实现,在主程序模块下将其分成几部分彼此相互独立的小模块,主要包含主控模块,温度模块,显示模块及电机驱动等模块,并且通过单片机将各个模块连接起来,组成一个全面的整体。本次设计能够完成对热水器出水温度的有效控制,并且操作简单,容易完成,有很好的推广、应用价值。

关键词:单片机;PID调节;温度传感器

Design of constant temperature effluent water system for water heater

ABSTRACT

The control system designed in this paper adopts STC89C52 single chip microcomputer as the control core, and combines PID algorithm with PWM pulse width modulation technology, and realizes the constant temperature control of water heater by controlling the speed of motor rotation and controlling the proportion of cold water and hot water influent. The system can automatically collect and control the temperature according to the set temperature, and solve the problem of the instability of the outlet temperature of the common water heater. This paper first introduces the overall composition of the system, and then describes the hardware and software. The hardware part mainly describes the components of the system, and simply introduces the devices used in each module and the circuit diagram of each module. Soft In the part of part, the flow of each part of the subroutine is described, then the PID control algorithm is introduced emphatically, and the program flow is given to illustrate the realization of PID in the system. Finally, the system is summarized.

This design is realized by modularization, which is divided into several independent modules under the main program module, including main control module, temperature module, display module and motor drive module. And the single-chip computer will be connected to each module to form a comprehensive whole. This design can complete the effective control of water heater effluent temperature, and simple operation, easy to complete, has a good promotion, application value.

Key words:singlechip microcomputer;PID regulation;temperature sensor

目录

1 绪论 - 1 -

1.1 课题研究的目的及意义 - 1 -

1.2 课题背景 - 1 -

2 方案设计 - 3 -

2.1 设计要求 - 3 -

2.2 方案设计 - 3 -

3 系统硬件设计 - 5 -

3.1 主控模块设计 - 5 -

3.1.1 STC89C52单片机 - 5 -

3.1.1 单片机最小系统 - 8 -

3.2 温度模块 - 8 -

3.2.1 温度传感器的选择 - 8 -

3.3.2 数字温度传感器DS18B20简介 - 9 -

3.3 显示模块 - 11 -

3.3.1 显示屏的选择 - 11 -

3.3.2 1602字符型LCD简介 - 11 -

3.3.2 液晶显示电路介绍 - 13 -

3.4 电机驱动电路的设计 - 14 -

3.4.1 电机驱动的选择 - 14 -

3.4.2 三极管s9015简介 - 14 -

3.4.3 电机驱动模块电路 - 15 -

4 系统软件设计 - 16 -

4.1 测温子程序 - 16 -

4.2 显示子程序 - 17 -

4.3 PWM控制波形程序 - 18 -

4.4 主程序流程图 - 19 -

4.5 PID控制 - 20 -

4.5.1 PID简介 - 20 -

4.5.2 PID各部分的作用 - 21 -

4.5.3 PID参数整定 - 21 -

5 系统的调试 - 23 -

5.1 软件调试 - 23 -

5.2 硬件调试 - 23 -

结 论 - 25 -

致 谢 - 26 -

参考文献 - 27 -

附录A 原理图 - 28 -

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